Effects and efficacy:
Carboplatin injection is a second-generation platinum anti-tumor drug, which has certain effects on ovarian cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, testicular cancer, seminoma, bladder cancer, mesothelioma, pediatric brain tumors, etc. This product is a non-specific anti-tumor drug for the cycle, which directly acts on DNA, thereby inhibiting tumor cells with vigorous division.
Usage and dosage:
This product can be used alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs. Before use, add this product to 250-500ml of 5% glucose injection for dilution. For intravenous infusion, the recommended dose is calculated based on 0.3-0.4g/m2 or AUC per body surface area, a single dose, or five doses for 5 days, repeated every 3-4 weeks, and 2-4 cycles as a course of treatment. The dose after the first dose needs to be adjusted according to the white blood cell and platelet counts after the medication. Please follow the doctor's advice for details.
Adverse reactions:
Common adverse reactions Myelosuppression is a dose-related toxicity. After a single dose, white blood cells and platelets reach their lowest point 21 days after medication, and usually recover around 30 days after medication; the lowest point of granulocytes occurs 21 to 28 days after medication, and usually recovers around 35 days; white blood cell and platelet reduction is dose-related and has an accumulation effect. Pain at the injection site. Case data and post-marketing experience show that about 15% of patients experience nausea without vomiting after treatment with carboplatin, 65% experience vomiting, and 1/3 of them have severe vomiting; this product also has a certain degree of nephrotoxicity. The incidence and severity of nephrotoxicity may increase in patients with impaired renal function before treatment. Less common adverse reactions Allergic reactions (rash or itching, occasionally wheezing), which occur within a few minutes after use; peripheral neurotoxicity, numbness or tingling of fingers (toes), with cumulative effects; ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss occurs first, tinnitus is occasionally seen; blurred vision, mucositis or stomatitis; constipation or diarrhea, lack of appetite, etc. In addition, you may experience other side effects. If you feel unwell after taking the medicine, please inform the doctor in time. The doctor will determine whether to stop taking the medicine or take necessary measures according to the severity of the adverse reaction.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited. It is prohibited for liver and kidney dysfunction. It is prohibited to use it with caution during pregnancy and lactation.
Effects and efficacy: Mainly used for advanced breast cancer and colorectal cancer. It can be used as a rescue treatment for breast cancer after failure of anthracycline and taxane treatment.
Usage and dosage: The recommended dose of capecitabine is 1250mg/m2, taken orally twice a day (once in the morning and evening: equal to a total daily dose of 2500mg/m2). Stop the drug for 1 week after 2 weeks of treatment, and 3 weeks is a course of treatment. Capecitabine tablets should be swallowed with water within 30 minutes after a meal. When used in combination with docetaxel, the recommended dose of capecitabine is 1250mg/m2, twice a day, and stop the drug for 1 week after 2 weeks of treatment. The recommended dose of docetaxel used in combination with it is 75mg/m2, once every 3 weeks, intravenous drip for 1 hour. According to the instructions for docetaxel, some chemotherapy adjuvant drugs should be routinely used before using docetaxel in patients receiving combined chemotherapy with capecitabine and docetaxel. When used in combination with oxaliplatin, capecitabine treatment can be started on the same day after the patient is given oxaliplatin (dose of 130 mg/m2, intravenous infusion for 2 hours), with a dose of 1000 mg/m2, twice a day, and stop for 1 week after 2 weeks of treatment. When used for adjuvant treatment of patients with Dukes' C stage colon cancer, the recommended treatment time is 6 months, that is, capecitabine 1250 mg/m2, taken orally twice a day, stop for 1 week after 2 weeks of treatment, 3 weeks as a course of treatment, a total of 8 courses (24 weeks).
Adverse reactions:
Adverse reactions may occur when capecitabine is used as a single drug for different indications (adjuvant treatment of colon cancer, treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic breast cancer) and in combination chemotherapy regimens. Among them, the common adverse reactions of capecitabine combined with different chemotherapy regimens are as follows:
Drug contraindications:
Allergy to this product is prohibited. It is prohibited during pregnancy. It is prohibited during lactation. It is prohibited for renal function impairment.
Functions and indications:
It is used for digestive tract cancer (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer), and is also effective for breast cancer.
Usage and dosage:
The dosage and usage of this product may vary for different dosage forms and specifications. Please read the specific drug instructions for use, or follow the doctor's advice. Camofur tablets: Adults take 200 mg orally once, 3-4 times a day; or 140 mg/m2 per day according to body surface area, divided into 3 oral doses. Combined chemotherapy 200 mg once, 3 times a day.
Adverse reactions:
1. Occasionally, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occur in the blood system. 2. Occasionally, speech, walking and consciousness disorders, extrapyramidal system reactions, etc. occur in the nervous system. 3. Gastrointestinal reactions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rare gastrointestinal ulcers. 4. Abnormal liver and kidney function, sometimes chest pain and ECG abnormalities occur. 5. Others include rash, fever, edema, etc.
Contraindications:
This product is contraindicated for those who are allergic to it.
Function and indication: This product is used for cancerous pleural and abdominal effusions; malignant lymphoma, lung cancer, seminoma, multiple myeloma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal cancer.
Usage and dosage: The dosage and dosage of different dosage forms and specifications of this product may vary. Please read the specific drug instructions for use, or follow the doctor's advice. Nitrocarbone for injection: 20-40 mg each time, add 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection 40 ml intravenous injection, or add 5% glucose injection intravenous drip, 1-2 times a week, for 2 consecutive weeks, and rest for 1-2 weeks as a cycle. Thoracic and abdominal injection, 40-60 mg each time, add 0.9% sodium chloride injection 30 ml, once a week, adjust the treatment cycle according to blood count, liver and kidney function and condition.
Adverse reactions:
1. Gastrointestinal reactions: lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting. 2. Bone marrow suppression, hair loss, fatigue. Occasionally thrombophlebitis.
Darolutamide Tablets.Daroltamide tablets are a Western medicine. They are clinically used to treat adult patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC) who have a high risk of metastasis.
The main ingredient of Daroltamide tablets is daroltamide, an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that competitively inhibits the binding of androgens to AR, thereby inhibiting AR nuclear translocation and AR-mediated transcription.
Doxifluridine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C9H11FN2O5. It is a white crystalline powder and is mainly used as an anti-tumor drug. It is mainly used clinically to treat breast and gastrointestinal malignancies and other solid tumors.
Fruquintinib capsules are related drugs for the treatment of rectal cancer. The main clinical indications are:
It is suitable for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have previously received chemotherapy based on fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan.
It is suitable for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have previously received or are not suitable for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy.
The main target of Fruquintinib capsules is VEGFR kinase family VEGFR1, 2 and 3; by inhibiting VEGFR phosphorylation and downstream signal transduction on the surface of mesenchymal endothelial cells, inhibiting the proliferation, migration and lumen formation of mesenchymal endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting the formation of tumor angiogenesis, and ultimately exerting a tumor growth inhibitory effect.
Effects and efficacy: This product is mainly used for the first and second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for early patients; it is effective for ovarian cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, testicular tumors and lymphoma.
Usage and dosage: Single drug application: The recommended dose is 130mg/m, added to 250-500ml 5% glucose solution, intravenous drip for 2-6 hours, repeated once every 3 weeks. The dose of this product should not exceed 200mg/m to avoid neurotoxicity. There is no need to adjust the dose for patients with mild or moderate renal insufficiency or mild hepatic insufficiency, but it should be used with caution for patients with severe hepatic and renal insufficiency. Combined with fluorouracil: The dose of the next administration should be adjusted according to the degree of bone marrow suppression. If 4-degree diarrhea, 3-4-degree granulocytopenia and (or) 3-4-degree thrombocytopenia occur, the dose of this product should be reduced by 25%, and the dose of fluorouracil should also be reduced. Combined chemotherapy: mainly combined with calcium folinate (CF), fluorouracil, and in recent years also with gemcitabine. The dosage of this product is the same as above. The same infusion bottle cannot be used for fluorouracil infusion, and it is best to be 1 hour apart. The adjustment of dosage should be based on safety, especially neurological safety. Instructions for use Oxaliplatin must be prepared and further diluted before use. The freeze-dried powder preparation must be dissolved and diluted with the specified solution. Instructions for use As with other cytotoxic drugs, the use and preparation of oxaliplatin must be carried out carefully and cautiously in accordance with the precautions. Instructions for operation When handling this cytotoxic drug, medical staff and nurses should be cautious in every step to ensure the safety of themselves and the surrounding environment. The preparation of cytotoxic drug injection solutions must be carried out by professionals who have been professionally trained and have medical knowledge to ensure the safety of the environment, especially the safety of the preparer himself. To achieve this goal, a dedicated area is required. Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited in this area. The preparer must be well equipped. Long-sleeved work clothes, protective masks, hats, protective glasses, disposable sterile gloves, protective covers on the workbench, and special containers for waste. The patient's excrement and vomitus must be properly handled. Pregnant women should avoid contact with cytotoxic drugs. Any broken containers must be handled with the same care as contaminated materials. Contaminated waste should be incinerated in labeled hard containers. If oxaliplatin powder, reconstituted material or solution contacts the skin or mucous membrane, it should be immediately rinsed with plenty of water. Special precautions for use Do not use injection materials containing aluminum. Do not use without dilution. Do not prepare or dilute this product with saline solution. Do not mix with any other drugs or use them simultaneously through the same infusion channel (especially 5-fluorouracil, alkaline solution, tromethamine and folinic acid drugs containing excipient tromethamine). After infusing oxaliplatin, the infusion tube needs to be flushed. Only recommended solvents can be used. If there is any precipitate in the prepared solution, it cannot be used again and should be destroyed in accordance with the handling principles of hazardous materials required by regulations. Preparation of solution When preparing the solution, water for injection or 5% glucose solution should be used. 10 ml of solvent should be added to the 50 mg package to make the oxaliplatin concentration reach 5.0 mg/ml. From the perspective of microbiology and chemistry, the prepared solution must be diluted immediately with 5% glucose solution. Before use, its transparency should be checked, and only clear solutions without precipitation can be used. This product is for single use, and any remaining solution should be discarded. Dilution before injection Take out the prepared solution from the bottle and immediately dilute it with 250~500 ml of 5% glucose solution to a solution with a concentration of more than 0.2 mg/ml, and then infuse it intravenously. Under normal circumstances, the physicochemical stability of the solution can be maintained for 24 hours between 2℃ and 8℃. From a microbiological point of view, this solution should be used immediately. If it is not used immediately, the user must ensure the storage time and conditions before use. Under normal circumstances, it should not exceed 24 hours between 2℃ and 8℃, unless the dilution is carried out under controlled and confirmed sterile conditions. Before use, its transparency should be checked, and only clear solutions without precipitation can be used. This product is for single use only and any remaining solution should be discarded. Do not prepare or dilute this product with saline solution. Oxaliplatin does not require prehydration for infusion. Oxaliplatin is diluted with 250-500 ml of 5% glucose solution to a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml or above and must be infused through a peripheral or central vein for 2-6 hours. When oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil are used together, oxaliplatin should be used before 5-fluorouracil. Waste disposal Any remaining drugs, as well as all items used for preparation, dilution and injection, must be destroyed in accordance with standard hospital procedures for cytotoxic drugs and current legal provisions for the disposal of toxic waste. The same drugs produced by different manufacturers may have inconsistent instructions. If you find inconsistencies in the instructions before taking the drug, please consult your doctor or pharmacist in time.
Drug contraindications:
Allergy to this product is prohibited. Renal impairment is prohibited. Lactation is prohibited. Use with caution in liver and kidney dysfunction. Use with caution during pregnancy
Related dosage forms:
Injection
Paclitaxel liposome for injection is a cytotoxic anti-tumor drug with the following indications:
This product is mainly used in the clinic for first-line chemotherapy of ovarian cancer and the treatment of ovarian metastatic cancer in the future. As first-line chemotherapy, this product can also be used in combination with cisplatin.
It can also be used for follow-up treatment of breast cancer patients who have used standard chemotherapy containing doxorubicin or for the treatment of recurrent patients.
It can be used in combination with cisplatin for first-line chemotherapy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who cannot undergo surgery or radiotherapy.
The main component of paclitaxel liposome for injection is paclitaxel, which can promote the assembly of microtubule dimers and prevent their disassembly. It can also lead to abnormal arrangement of microtubules throughout the cell cycle and the production of microtubule astrocytes during cell division, thereby hindering cell division and inhibiting tumor growth.