Effects and efficacy:
Carboplatin injection is a second-generation platinum anti-tumor drug, which has certain effects on ovarian cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, testicular cancer, seminoma, bladder cancer, mesothelioma, pediatric brain tumors, etc. This product is a non-specific anti-tumor drug for the cycle, which directly acts on DNA, thereby inhibiting tumor cells with vigorous division.
Usage and dosage:
This product can be used alone or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs. Before use, add this product to 250-500ml of 5% glucose injection for dilution. For intravenous infusion, the recommended dose is calculated based on 0.3-0.4g/m2 or AUC per body surface area, a single dose, or five doses for 5 days, repeated every 3-4 weeks, and 2-4 cycles as a course of treatment. The dose after the first dose needs to be adjusted according to the white blood cell and platelet counts after the medication. Please follow the doctor's advice for details.
Adverse reactions:
Common adverse reactions Myelosuppression is a dose-related toxicity. After a single dose, white blood cells and platelets reach their lowest point 21 days after medication, and usually recover around 30 days after medication; the lowest point of granulocytes occurs 21 to 28 days after medication, and usually recovers around 35 days; white blood cell and platelet reduction is dose-related and has an accumulation effect. Pain at the injection site. Case data and post-marketing experience show that about 15% of patients experience nausea without vomiting after treatment with carboplatin, 65% experience vomiting, and 1/3 of them have severe vomiting; this product also has a certain degree of nephrotoxicity. The incidence and severity of nephrotoxicity may increase in patients with impaired renal function before treatment. Less common adverse reactions Allergic reactions (rash or itching, occasionally wheezing), which occur within a few minutes after use; peripheral neurotoxicity, numbness or tingling of fingers (toes), with cumulative effects; ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss occurs first, tinnitus is occasionally seen; blurred vision, mucositis or stomatitis; constipation or diarrhea, lack of appetite, etc. In addition, you may experience other side effects. If you feel unwell after taking the medicine, please inform the doctor in time. The doctor will determine whether to stop taking the medicine or take necessary measures according to the severity of the adverse reaction.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited. It is prohibited for liver and kidney dysfunction. It is prohibited to use it with caution during pregnancy and lactation.
Effects and efficacy:
This product is used in combination with prednisone or prednisolone to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic endocrine-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), including those who have not received endocrine therapy or have received endocrine therapy for no longer than 3 months.
Usage and dosage:
The recommended dose of this product is 1000mg (4×250mg tablets) orally once a day. This product is used in combination with prednisone or prednisolone 5mg orally twice a day to treat patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This product is used in combination with prednisone or prednisolone 5mg orally once a day to treat newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic endocrine-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Patients receiving this product should also receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) or should have undergone bilateral orchiectomy. This product should be taken on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before and at least 2 hours after meals. This product should be swallowed whole with water. Do not break or chew it.
Adverse reactions: This product may cause hypertension, hypokalemia and retention. The most common adverse reactions in clinical practice are peripheral edema, hypokalemia, hypertension and urinary tract infection. Other important adverse reactions include heart disease, liver toxicity, fractures and allergic alveolitis. Usually, the adverse reactions of mineralocorticoids can be effectively controlled after treatment. The combined use of corticosteroids can reduce the incidence and severity of these adverse drug reactions.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is contraindicated. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Effects and efficacy:
Cisplatin is generally used to treat small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, head and neck tumors, various squamous cell carcinomas and malignant lymphomas.
Usage and dosage:
Cisplatin can only be administered intravenously, intraarterially or intracavitary. It is usually administered by intravenous drip. Adequate hydration therapy is required 2 to 16 hours before administration and at least 6 hours after administration. Cisplatin needs to be diluted with normal saline or 5% glucose solution and then dripped intravenously. The dosage depends on the chemotherapy effect and individual response. The following dosage is for reference (for adults and children): The course of treatment depends on the clinical efficacy and is repeated every 3-4 weeks. Cisplatin can be used in combination with other anticancer drugs or alone. When used in combination, the dosage needs to be adjusted appropriately with the course of treatment.
Adverse reactions:
Nephrotoxicity After a single medium or high dose of medication, mild, reversible renal dysfunction may occasionally occur, and trace hematuria may occur. Repeated high-dose and short-term repeated use of the drug can cause irreversible renal dysfunction. In severe cases, renal tubular necrosis can lead to anuria and uremia. Digestive system symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. The reactions usually occur within 1 to 6 hours after administration, and the longest does not exceed 24 to 48 hours. Occasionally, liver dysfunction and increased serum transaminases can be seen, which can be restored after drug withdrawal. The hematopoietic system is manifested by a decrease in white blood cells and (or) platelets, which is generally related to the dosage of the drug. Bone marrow suppression generally reaches a peak in about 3 weeks and recovers in 4 to 6 weeks. Ototoxicity can cause tinnitus and high-frequency hearing loss, which are mostly reversible and do not require special treatment. Neurotoxicity is more common in patients with a total amount of more than 300 mg/m2. Peripheral nerve damage is common, manifested as ataxia, myalgia, and paresthesia of the upper and lower limbs. A small number of patients may experience brain dysfunction, and epilepsy and retrobulbar neuritis may also occur. Allergic reactions such as increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, dyspnea, facial edema, and allergic fever reactions may all occur. Other hyperuricemia: Leg swelling and joint pain are common. Plasma electrolyte disorders: hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, muscle cramps. Cardiac toxicity: Rare arrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, bradycardia or tachycardia, heart failure, etc. Immune system: Immunosuppressive reactions may occur. Gingival changes: Platinum metal deposits may appear on the gums. Patients may experience local swelling of the limbs where arterial or intravenous injections are given. Pain, erythema and skin ulcers, local phlebitis, etc. are rare. Hair loss, sperm and egg formation disorders, and male breast feminization may also occur. The occurrence of secondary non-lymphocytic leukemia is related to the use of cisplatin chemotherapy. Vascular lesions, such as cerebral ischemia, coronary artery ischemia, peripheral vascular disorders similar to Ravnaud syndrome, and other side effects are rare, but may be related to the use of cisplatin.
Drug contraindications:
Contraindicated during lactation, contraindicated during pregnancy, and contraindicated for allergies to this product
Darolutamide Tablets.Daroltamide tablets are a Western medicine. They are clinically used to treat adult patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC) who have a high risk of metastasis.
The main ingredient of Daroltamide tablets is daroltamide, an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that competitively inhibits the binding of androgens to AR, thereby inhibiting AR nuclear translocation and AR-mediated transcription.
Treated patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) demonstrate robust prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses and high medication compliance rates
Effects and efficacy:
Applicable to testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and lung cancer, etc.
Usage and dosage:
This product is administered by intravenous drip. This product is dissolved in sterile water for injection and then further diluted with 500-1000ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection and then slowly dripped intravenously for at least 30 minutes. Monotherapy: intravenous injection of 1.2-2.5g/m2 per body surface area, 5 consecutive days as a course of treatment. Combination therapy: intravenous injection of 1.2-2.0g/m2 per body surface area, 5 consecutive days as a course of treatment. The next course of treatment should be 3-4 weeks apart or after blood toxicity is recovered (platelets 100000/μl, white blood cells 4000/μl). The maximum dose is 18g/m2. To prevent bladder toxicity, a large amount of water should be consumed, and 2L of fluid should be infused orally or intravenously every day. At the same time, protective agents such as mesna should be used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna dissolved in saline is administered intravenously at the same time and 4 and 8 hours after administration. The usual dosage of mesna is 20% of the total daily amount of ifosfamide. The same drug produced by different manufacturers may have inconsistent instructions. If the instructions are inconsistent before taking the drug, please consult a doctor or pharmacist in time.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited during pregnancy and lactation. Use with caution in patients with liver and kidney dysfunction
Related dosage forms:
Injection
Melphalan tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma and advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. Melphalan tablets, used alone or in combination with other drugs, have significant effects on some patients with advanced breast cancer. Melphalan is effective for some patients with polycythemia. Melphalan has also been used as an adjuvant drug in the surgical treatment of breast cancer.
Effects and efficacy: This product is mainly used for the first and second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for early patients; it is effective for ovarian cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, testicular tumors and lymphoma.
Usage and dosage: Single drug application: The recommended dose is 130mg/m, added to 250-500ml 5% glucose solution, intravenous drip for 2-6 hours, repeated once every 3 weeks. The dose of this product should not exceed 200mg/m to avoid neurotoxicity. There is no need to adjust the dose for patients with mild or moderate renal insufficiency or mild hepatic insufficiency, but it should be used with caution for patients with severe hepatic and renal insufficiency. Combined with fluorouracil: The dose of the next administration should be adjusted according to the degree of bone marrow suppression. If 4-degree diarrhea, 3-4-degree granulocytopenia and (or) 3-4-degree thrombocytopenia occur, the dose of this product should be reduced by 25%, and the dose of fluorouracil should also be reduced. Combined chemotherapy: mainly combined with calcium folinate (CF), fluorouracil, and in recent years also with gemcitabine. The dosage of this product is the same as above. The same infusion bottle cannot be used for fluorouracil infusion, and it is best to be 1 hour apart. The adjustment of dosage should be based on safety, especially neurological safety. Instructions for use Oxaliplatin must be prepared and further diluted before use. The freeze-dried powder preparation must be dissolved and diluted with the specified solution. Instructions for use As with other cytotoxic drugs, the use and preparation of oxaliplatin must be carried out carefully and cautiously in accordance with the precautions. Instructions for operation When handling this cytotoxic drug, medical staff and nurses should be cautious in every step to ensure the safety of themselves and the surrounding environment. The preparation of cytotoxic drug injection solutions must be carried out by professionals who have been professionally trained and have medical knowledge to ensure the safety of the environment, especially the safety of the preparer himself. To achieve this goal, a dedicated area is required. Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited in this area. The preparer must be well equipped. Long-sleeved work clothes, protective masks, hats, protective glasses, disposable sterile gloves, protective covers on the workbench, and special containers for waste. The patient's excrement and vomitus must be properly handled. Pregnant women should avoid contact with cytotoxic drugs. Any broken containers must be handled with the same care as contaminated materials. Contaminated waste should be incinerated in labeled hard containers. If oxaliplatin powder, reconstituted material or solution contacts the skin or mucous membrane, it should be immediately rinsed with plenty of water. Special precautions for use Do not use injection materials containing aluminum. Do not use without dilution. Do not prepare or dilute this product with saline solution. Do not mix with any other drugs or use them simultaneously through the same infusion channel (especially 5-fluorouracil, alkaline solution, tromethamine and folinic acid drugs containing excipient tromethamine). After infusing oxaliplatin, the infusion tube needs to be flushed. Only recommended solvents can be used. If there is any precipitate in the prepared solution, it cannot be used again and should be destroyed in accordance with the handling principles of hazardous materials required by regulations. Preparation of solution When preparing the solution, water for injection or 5% glucose solution should be used. 10 ml of solvent should be added to the 50 mg package to make the oxaliplatin concentration reach 5.0 mg/ml. From the perspective of microbiology and chemistry, the prepared solution must be diluted immediately with 5% glucose solution. Before use, its transparency should be checked, and only clear solutions without precipitation can be used. This product is for single use, and any remaining solution should be discarded. Dilution before injection Take out the prepared solution from the bottle and immediately dilute it with 250~500 ml of 5% glucose solution to a solution with a concentration of more than 0.2 mg/ml, and then infuse it intravenously. Under normal circumstances, the physicochemical stability of the solution can be maintained for 24 hours between 2℃ and 8℃. From a microbiological point of view, this solution should be used immediately. If it is not used immediately, the user must ensure the storage time and conditions before use. Under normal circumstances, it should not exceed 24 hours between 2℃ and 8℃, unless the dilution is carried out under controlled and confirmed sterile conditions. Before use, its transparency should be checked, and only clear solutions without precipitation can be used. This product is for single use only and any remaining solution should be discarded. Do not prepare or dilute this product with saline solution. Oxaliplatin does not require prehydration for infusion. Oxaliplatin is diluted with 250-500 ml of 5% glucose solution to a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml or above and must be infused through a peripheral or central vein for 2-6 hours. When oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil are used together, oxaliplatin should be used before 5-fluorouracil. Waste disposal Any remaining drugs, as well as all items used for preparation, dilution and injection, must be destroyed in accordance with standard hospital procedures for cytotoxic drugs and current legal provisions for the disposal of toxic waste. The same drugs produced by different manufacturers may have inconsistent instructions. If you find inconsistencies in the instructions before taking the drug, please consult your doctor or pharmacist in time.
Drug contraindications:
Allergy to this product is prohibited. Renal impairment is prohibited. Lactation is prohibited. Use with caution in liver and kidney dysfunction. Use with caution during pregnancy
Related dosage forms:
Injection
