Effects and efficacy: Benazepril can be used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. It is used as an adjunctive treatment for patients with congestive heart failure (NYHA grade II-IV) who do not respond well to digitalis and/or diuretics.
Usage and dosage: Benazepril is mainly used orally. The specific dosage should be prescribed by the doctor and adjusted by the doctor according to the antihypertensive effect. When patients with hypertension who do not use diuretics start treatment, the recommended daily dose of benazepril is 10 mg, once a day. If the effect is not good, it can be increased to 20 mg per day. The dosage must be adjusted according to the response of blood pressure, usually every 1 to 2 weeks. For some patients, the antihypertensive effect may be weakened at the end of the dosing interval. For such patients, the total daily dose should be divided into two doses, or a diuretic should be added. The maximum recommended daily dose of this product for the treatment of hypertension is 40 mg, taken once or twice. If taking this product alone cannot control blood pressure, a diuretic can be added according to the doctor's advice. Patients with creatinine clearance ≥30ml/min can take the usual dose. For patients with blood pressure <30ml/min, the initial daily dose is 5mg, and if necessary, the dose can be increased to 10mg/day. If further blood pressure reduction is still required, a diuretic or another antihypertensive drug can be added. Congestive heart failure This product is suitable for adjuvant treatment of patients with congestive heart failure. The recommended initial dose is 2.5mg, once a day. Due to the risk of a sharp drop in blood pressure after the first dose, patients need to be closely monitored when taking this product for the first time. As long as the patient does not experience symptomatic hypotension and other unacceptable adverse reactions, and the symptoms of heart failure are not effectively relieved, the dose can be adjusted to 5mg once a day after 2 to 4 weeks. Depending on the patient's clinical response, the dose can be adjusted to 10mg once a day or even 20mg once a day at appropriate time intervals. This product is effective once a day. For some patients, the response may be better if the daily dose is divided into two doses. Controlled clinical studies have shown that patients with severe heart failure (NYHA grade IV) require a smaller dose than patients with mild and moderate heart failure (NYHA grade II to III). When the creatinine clearance of patients with heart failure is less than 30ml/min, the daily dose can be increased to a maximum of 10mg, but a lower initial dose (such as 2.5mg) may be more ideal. When the creatinine clearance of patients with heart failure is less than 30ml/min, the daily dose can be increased to a maximum of 10mg, but a lower initial dose (2.5mg) may be sufficient.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited. Driving is prohibited during pregnancy. Use with caution
Related dosage forms:
Tablets, capsules
Effects and efficacy:
Used for the treatment of inner ear vertigo, relieving symptoms such as vertigo, tinnitus, nausea and headache. Used for headaches caused by various reasons. Used for vertigo, tinnitus, etc. caused by chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis, head trauma or hypertension.
Usage and dosage:
Betahistine mesylate tablets: Oral after meals, 6-12 mg each time for adults, 3 times a day. Please follow the doctor's advice for details. Betahistine hydrochloride tablets: Oral. The usual dosage for adults is 4-8 mg each time, 2-4 times a day, and the maximum daily dose should not exceed 48 mg; or 5-10 mg each time, 1-2 times a day, and the maximum daily dose should not exceed 50 mg. Please follow the doctor's advice for details. Betahistine hydrochloride oral solution: Oral. 10-20 mg each time, 30-60 mg per day, and the maximum daily dose should not exceed 50 mg. Please follow the doctor's advice for details. Betahistine hydrochloride injection: intramuscular injection, 10 mg each time, 1-2 times a day; intravenous drip, 10-30 mg each time, once a day, added to 5% glucose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Please follow the doctor's advice for details. Betahistine hydrochloride sodium chloride injection: intravenous drip. 500 ml each time, once a day, slow intravenous drip. Please follow the doctor's advice for details.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited. Children are prohibited
Related dosage forms:
Tablets, oral solution, injection, injection powder injection
Function:
It is used for acute and chronic cardiac insufficiency such as hypertension, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Used for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and supraventricular tachycardia associated with rapid ventricular rate.
Dosage:
Oral medication for adults: rapid loading method, take 0.25mg every 6-8 hours, total dose 0.75-1.25mg; slow dosage method, 0.125-0.5mg, once a day, steady-state plasma concentration can be achieved in 7 days; maintenance dose in the future , once a day, 0.125-0.5mg. Please follow your doctor's advice for details. Oral dosage should be carefully adjusted to individual patient differences; preferably taken on an empty stomach. If you feel stomach upset after taking this medicine, you can take it with food. Please consult your doctor for details. Intravenous injection: 0.25-0.5mg, dilute with 5% glucose injection and inject slowly; then 0.25mg can be used, injected as needed every 4-6 hours, but the total daily dose does not exceed 1mg. Please follow your doctor's advice for details. Oral medication for children: saturated dose, children <2 years old, 0.06-0.08mg/kg, >2 years old, 0.04-0.06mg/kg, oral dose is divided into 3-6 times, use up in 1-2 days, then use the above amount 1/4 of it is the daily maintenance amount. Please follow your doctor's advice for details. Intravenous injection: saturating dose, children <2 years old, 0.04-0.06mg/kg; >2 years old, 0.02-0.04mg/kg. Please follow your doctor's advice for details. Note: Medication for children must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor and adult supervision.
Adverse reactions:
Gastrointestinal reactions: such as nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite; diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc. may occur. Nervous system symptoms: include headache, facial neuralgia, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, confusion, and nightmares; less commonly, delirium, acute psychosis, and hallucinations. Convulsions have been reported. Visual disorders such as blurred vision or "color vision" such as yellow vision and green vision may occur. Hypersensitivity reactions such as rash and urticaria rarely occur. Digoxin has certain estrogenic activity and occasionally causes gynecomastia to develop in therapeutic doses. The most serious adverse reactions are cardiac reactions, and toxic doses can cause heart failure or worsen symptoms. The most important proarrhythmia is premature ventricular contractions, followed by atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, sinus arrest, ventricular fibrillation, etc. Arrhythmias are more common in children than other reactions, but ventricular arrhythmias are less common than in adults. If any of the above adverse reactions occur, please inform your doctor in time. The doctor will determine whether the medication should be discontinued or take necessary measures based on the severity of the adverse reactions.
Drug contraindications:
If you are allergic to this product, use with caution during lactation. Use with caution during pregnancy.
Effects and efficacy: Finerenone can be used in adult patients with chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 25 to < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, with albuminuria), which can reduce the risk of sustained decline in eGFR and end-stage renal disease. The clinical benefits and safety of finerenone in patients with early type 2 diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (eGFR>75mL/min/1.73m2) have been confirmed by large-scale global RCT studies. The relevant indications have been approved in the United States, Japan and other countries, and are under review by the Drug Review Center in my country. Usage and Dosage: The initial dose should be determined based on the patient's renal function, i.e., eGFR level, and the dose should be adjusted based on serum potassium. The standard dose of this product is 20 mg/day. Before starting finerenone treatment: Measure serum potassium level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before starting. Do not start treatment if serum potassium is >5.0mmol/L. Recommended starting dose: The recommended starting dose of finerenone is determined based on eGFR: when eGFR (mL/min/1.73m) ≥ 60, the starting dose is 20 mg once daily; when eGFR (mL/min/1.73m) ≥ 25 to < 60, the starting dose is 10 mg once daily; when eGFR (mL/min/1.73m) < 25, it is not recommended. For patients who are unable to swallow the whole tablet, finerenone tablets can be crushed and mixed with water or soft food (such as applesauce) immediately before administration and taken orally. Monitoring and dose adjustment: The standard dose of finerenone is 20 mg once daily. Measure serum potassium within 4 weeks of starting treatment and adjust the dose; if the serum potassium level is between 4.8 and 5.0 mmol/L, consider starting finerenone treatment based on clinical judgment and serum potassium level, and perform additional serum potassium monitoring within the first 4 weeks. Monitor serum potassium within 4 weeks after dose adjustment and throughout treatment, and adjust the dose as needed, as follows: If eGFR decreases by more than 30% compared to the last test, maintain the 10mg dose.
Adverse Reactions:
The most commonly reported adverse reaction during treatment with finerenone is hyperkalemia (18.3%), and the more common adverse reactions are hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased glomerular filtration rate, itching, and less common is decreased hemoglobin.
Drug Contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited for use in children. Use with caution during pregnancy. Use with caution during lactation. Use with caution during pregnancy preparation.
Functions and indications:
Used to treat hypertension and heart failure. When treating hypertension, it can be used alone as an initial treatment drug, or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. When treating heart failure, it can be used in combination with diuretics.
Usage and dosage:
The dosage and dosage of different dosage forms and specifications of this product may vary. Please read the specific drug instructions for use, or follow the doctor's advice. Fosinopril Sodium Tablets: Oral, the dosage should follow the principle of individualization. The usage and dosage for adults and children over 12 years old are as follows: 1. Hypertensive patients who are not treated with diuretics: The dosage range is 10-40 mg per day, a single dose, regardless of meals, and the normal initial dose for patients is 10 mg, once a day. After about four weeks, the dose is appropriately adjusted according to the blood pressure response. The dose exceeds 40 mg per day and does not enhance the antihypertensive effect. If blood pressure cannot be completely controlled by using it alone, a diuretic can be added. 2. Hypertensive patients who are also taking diuretics: Before starting this product, it is best to stop taking diuretics for a few days to reduce the risk of excessive blood pressure drop. If blood pressure cannot be adequately controlled after an observation period of approximately 4 weeks, diuretic treatment can be resumed. Another option is that if diuretics cannot be discontinued, close observation for several hours should be given when the initial dose of 10 mg of this product is given until blood pressure stabilizes. Hypertensive patients treated with diuretics can maintain average cerebral blood flow between 4 and 24 hours, although blood pressure is significantly reduced after taking this product. 3. Patients with heart failure: The recommended initial dose is 1 tablet (10 mg) once a day, with close medical monitoring. If the patient can tolerate it well, the dose can be gradually increased to 4 tablets (40 mg) once a day. Even if hypotension occurs after the initial dose, the dose should continue to be increased cautiously and the symptoms of hypotension should be effectively managed. This product should be used in combination with diuretics. 4. High-risk patients with heart failure: The following patients should start treatment in the hospital: patients with severe heart failure (NYHA IV grade); patients who are at special risk of hypotension with the first dose, such as patients receiving multiple or high-dose diuretics (such as >80mg furosemide), patients with reduced blood volume, hyponatremia, patients with hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90mmHg), and patients with unstable heart failure and receiving high-dose vasodilator treatment. 5. Elderly people and patients with impaired liver or kidney function do not need to reduce the dose.
Adverse reactions:
The dosage and usage of different dosage forms and specifications of this product may vary. Please read the specific drug instructions for use, or follow the doctor's advice. Fosinopril Sodium Tablets: 1. The most common side effects of this product are dizziness, cough, upper respiratory tract symptoms, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, palpitations or chest pain, rash or itching, skeletal muscle pain or paresthesia, fatigue and taste disorders. 2. In trials for the treatment of heart failure, like other ACE inhibitors, it can cause hypotension, including orthostatic hypotension. Occasionally, pancreatitis has been reported in patients treated with ACE inhibitors, which has proven to be fatal in some cases. 3. The incidence and type of side effects do not differ between young and elderly patients. 4. Laboratory tests showed mild, temporary decreases in hemoglobin and red blood cell values, and occasional mild increases in blood urea nitrogen. For details on adverse reactions, please refer to the drug instructions.
Contraindications:
The usage and dosage of this product may vary in different dosage forms and specifications. Please read the specific drug instructions for use, or follow the doctor's advice. Fosinopril Sodium Tablets: 1. For fosinopril, other ACE inhibitors (for example, in patients receiving other ACE inhibitors
Function:
Isosorbide mononitrate is mainly used for the long-term treatment of coronary heart disease; the long-term treatment and prevention of angina pectoris; the treatment of persistent angina pectoris after myocardial infarction; combined with digitalis and/or diuretics, the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure.
Dosage:
The usage and dosage of different dosage forms and specifications of isosorbide mononitrate may be different, so you should follow the doctor's advice. Isosorbide mononitrate tablets are taken orally, 10 to 20 mg once, 2 to 3 times a day, and 40 mg can be used in severe cases. Isosorbide mononitrate capsules/isosorbide mononitrate capsules are taken orally, 10 to 20 mg once, twice a day. Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release tablets are taken orally, 30 mg once a day, swallow the whole tablet with an appropriate amount of warm water (do not chew). For patients with unstable circulation, taking the drug for the first time may cause symptoms of vascular collapse or nitrate headache; at the beginning of treatment, half a tablet of a non-long-acting inhibitor in the morning and evening can be taken to significantly reduce the above symptoms. Isosorbide mononitrate extended-release capsules are taken for oral administration. Take 1 tablet once a day, swallow the whole tablet with appropriate amount of warm water (do not chew). For those with unstable circulation, taking the medicine for the first time may cause symptoms of vascular collapse or nitrate headache; when starting treatment, you can take half a tablet of non-long-acting preparations in the morning and evening to significantly reduce the above symptoms. Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules (Ⅰ), unless otherwise prescribed, take one capsule (40 mg isosorbide mononitrate) once a day. Under special circumstances, the dose may be increased to one capsule (40 mg mononitrate). isosorbide) twice daily. Note: When the dosage is one capsule each time, twice a day, which is equivalent to 40 mg isosorbide mononitrate twice a day, in order to fully exert the effect of the drug, the second capsule should be taken after the first capsule. Take no more than 8 hours. Dosing form and time: Sustained-release capsules should be swallowed with appropriate amount of water after meals and should not be chewed. When stopping this product, the dosage should be gradually reduced and should not be stopped suddenly, because a rebound phenomenon may occur. After the drug expires Cannot be taken. Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules (II) are taken orally, daily after breakfast, 40 mg once a day, or as directed by your doctor. Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules (Ⅲ) are taken orally, 40 mg in the morning every day. When adverse reactions are obvious, you can switch to 20mg each time, twice a day. If the effect of taking 40mg daily is not obvious, you can increase it to 60mg daily as directed by your doctor. Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules (IV), unless otherwise directed by a doctor, take 1 capsule (50 mg) once a day and swallow the whole capsule with an appropriate amount of warm water (do not chew). For patients with unstable circulation, taking the medicine for the first time may cause symptoms of vascular collapse, and may also produce a long-acting preparation - isosorbide mononitrate (such as isosorbide mononitrate tablets 20 mg), half a tablet in the morning and evening to significantly reduce the above symptoms. Isosorbide mononitrate spray for the treatment of angina attacks: Sublingual spray, two sprays at a time. To prevent angina pectoris: Spray under the tongue, two sprays at a time, three times a day. Because a rebound phenomenon may occur, the dosage should be gradually reduced when discontinuing this product. Isosorbide mononitrate injection/isosorbide mononitrate for injection is intravenously infused. Before use, add 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection to dissolve and dilute and then infuse intravenously. The drug dose can be adjusted according to the patient's response, and the general effective dose is 2 to 7 mg per hour. The initial administration rate is 60 μg/min, and the general rate is 60~120 μg/min, once a day, and 10 days is a course of treatment.
Drug contraindications:
It is contraindicated in early pregnancy. If allergic to this product, it is contraindicated. Use with caution during lactation.
Related dosage forms:
Isosorbide mononitrate tablets, isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release tablets, isosorbide mononitrate capsules, isosorbide mononitrate spray, isosorbide mononitrate injection
Effects and efficacy:
Essential hypertension at all stages; renovascular hypertension; heart failure at all levels.
Usage and dosage:
Adults, oral.
Adverse reactions:
Common ones include: dizziness, headache, fatigue, cough, all of which are mild and short-lived. Less common ones include: muscle cramps, nausea, weakness, orthostatic discomfort, impotence, diarrhea. Rare ones include: syncope, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia; vomiting, indigestion, dry mouth, constipation, insomnia, nervousness, paresthesia; rash, itching. Rare: neuroangioedema, which can be fatal if it occurs in the throat. If angioedema occurs, this product should be discontinued and treated quickly. Subcutaneously inject 0.3~0.5ml of 1:1000 epinephrine injection.
Drug contraindications:
Allergic to this product is prohibited. Liver function damage is prohibited. Use with caution in kidney function damage. Use with caution during pregnancy. Use with caution during lactation. Use with caution in children.
Function and indication:
Pitavastatin calcium tablets/Pitavastatin calcium dispersible tablets: 1. This product is used for hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia. 2. Precautions: (1) A full examination must be carried out before use, and the use of this product should be considered only after confirming that the patient has hypercholesterolemia or familial hypercholesterolemia. (2) Since there is no experience in the use of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, this product is only considered as an adjuvant treatment for non-drug therapies such as partial clearance of LDL-blood components when it is determined to be necessary.
Dosage and administration:
The dosage and administration of this product may vary for different dosage forms and specifications. Please read the specific drug instructions for use or follow the doctor's advice. Pitavastatin calcium tablets, pitavastatin calcium dispersible tablets: Generally, adults take 1-2 mg (i.e. 0.5-1 tablet) of this product orally once a day after dinner. The dose can be appropriately increased or decreased according to age and treatment response. If LDL-cholesterol is not sufficiently reduced, the dose can be increased. The maximum daily dose is 4 mg (i.e. 2 tablets). 1. When used for patients with liver disease, the initial dosage is 1 mg (i.e. 0.5 tablets) per day and the maximum dosage is 2 mg (i.e. 1 tablet) per day. (Refer to [Caution in Dosing, Pharmacokinetics]). 2. As the dosage (blood concentration) of this preparation increases, adverse events related to rhabdomyolysis may occur. Therefore, when the dosage is increased to 4 mg (i.e. 2 tablets), full attention should be paid to the early symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, such as increased creatine kinase (phosphocreatine kinase), myoglobinuria, muscle pain and weakness. In foreign clinical trials, the administration of more than 8 mg (i.e. 4 tablets) was terminated due to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and related adverse events. 3. When used for patients with moderate and severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate of 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, who do not receive hemodialysis) and end-stage renal disease who receive hemodialysis, the initial dosage is once a day, 1 mg each time, and the maximum dosage is once a day, 2 mg each time.
Adverse reactions:
In the clinical trials of pitavastatin calcium tablets/pitavastatin calcium dispersible tablets before their approval for marketing abroad (Japan), 197 out of 886 patients (22.2%) experienced adverse reactions. 50 cases (5.6%) experienced subjective (other) adverse reactions, with the main symptoms including abdominal pain, drug rash, fatigue, numbness, itching, etc. 167 cases (18.8%) had abnormal clinical examination values, mainly increased γ-GTP, increased CK (CPK), serum ALT (GPT), serum AST (GOT), etc. In the safety monitoring after marketing in Japan, 1210 out of 20002 cases (6.0%) experienced adverse reactions (5th safety periodic report). 1. Serious adverse reactions: (1) Rhabdomyolysis (incidence unknown): Rhabdomyolysis characterized by muscle pain, fatigue, increased CK (CPK), and increased myosin in blood and urine may occur. Accompanying the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis, severe renal dysfunction such as acute renal failure may occur. In this case, the drug should be discontinued. (2) Myopathy (incidence unknown): Myopathy may occur, so if widespread muscle pain, muscle tenderness or significant CK (CPK) elevation occurs, the drug should be discontinued. (3) Liver dysfunction and jaundice: Liver dysfunction and jaundice accompanied by significant elevation of ALT (GPT) and AST (GOT) may occur, so liver function tests should be performed regularly. If abnormalities are found, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate treatment should be given. (4) Thrombocytopenia (incidence unknown): Thrombocytopenia may occur, so blood tests should be performed carefully. If abnormalities are found, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate treatment should be given. 2. Other adverse reactions (Japanese data). (1) Incidence 0.1%-2.0%: ① Allergic symptoms Note (1): Rash, itching. ② Digestive system: belching, nausea, stomach discomfort, diarrhea. ③ Liver injection (2): Increased AST (GOT), increased ALT (GPT), increased γ-GTP, increased AL-P, increased LDH. ④ Muscle injection (3): Increased CK (CPK), muscle pain, fatigue. ⑤ Psychoneural system: headache, heaviness, numbness, dizziness. ⑥ Blood: anemia. ⑦ Endocrine: decreased testosterone. ⑧ Others: fatigue, positive antinuclear antibodies. (2) Incidence rate less than 0.1%: ① Allergy injection (1): urticaria. ② Digestive system: thirst, indigestion, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, stomatitis, vomiting, loss of appetite, glossitis. ③ Liver injection (2): Increased bilirubin, increased cholinesterase. ④ Kidney: frequent urination, increased BUN, increased serum creatinine. ⑤ Muscle injection (3): muscle spasms. ⑥ Psychoneural system: stiffness, drowsiness, insomnia. ⑦ Blood: thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, leukocytopenia, eosinophilia, leukocytosis, increased globulin, positive serum antiglobulin test. ⑧ Endocrine: decreased aldosterone, increased aldosterone, increased ACTH, increased cortisol. ⑨ Others: palpitations, fatigue, skin pain, hot flashes, joint pain, edema, blurred vision, flickering vision, aural blockage, urinary occult blood, increased uric acid level, increased serum K, increased serum P, abnormal taste. (3) Unknown incidence: Allergic symptoms Note (1): Erythema. Note (1): Stop the drug at this time. Note (2): Observe fully and take appropriate measures such as stopping the drug if any abnormality occurs. Note (3): There is a possibility of early symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, so observe fully and stop the drug if necessary. The incidence is calculated based on the total of the Japanese approval and safety monitoring. 3. Post-marketing experience: There are rare reports of cognitive impairment in the post-marketing monitoring of statins abroad, which manifest as memory loss, memory decline, confusion, etc. Most of them are non-serious and reversible reactions, and they can generally recover after stopping the drug.
Contraindications:
Pitavastatin calcium tablets/pitavastatin calcium dispersible tablets: 1. The following patients are prohibited from taking this drug: (1) Patients with a history of allergy to the ingredients of this product. (2) Patients with severe liver disease or biliary tract obstruction (these patients may cause blood drug concentrations to increase when taking this drug
Effects and efficacy:
Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide is suitable for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure who have dyspnea at rest or during slight activity, and whose NYHA classification is greater than class II.
Usage and dosage:
The dosage range of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for injection is loading dose: 1.5-2μg/kg, maintenance dose rate: 0.0075-0.01μg/kg/min, continuous intravenous drip for 24 hours. The specific usage and dosage for different populations and different diseases need to be determined by experienced clinicians.
Adverse reactions:
Common adverse reactions The most common adverse reaction to the administration of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide is hypotension. Other adverse reactions are mostly manifested as abdominal pain, back pain, nausea, anxiety, fever, injection site reaction, paresthesia, confusion, drowsiness, tremor, cough, apnea, sweating, itching, eczema, lower limb cramps, amblyopia, increased creatinine, anemia, etc. Cardiovascular events also include ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and angina pectoris.
Contraindications:
Contraindicated if allergic to this product Use with caution during pregnancy Use with caution during breastfeeding Use with caution in children
